Jan 28, After hiding out for a time, Vladek and Anja are able to leave the ghetto, and they head back to Sosnowiec. They are turned away by Janina, Richieu's old governess, but they eventually find a place to hide. Mar 14, Two smugglers offer to get Vladek and Anja into Hungary, but they instead hand them over to the Germans.
Period: Mar 18, to May 15, Vladek teaches a Kapo English and is rewarded with food and special treatment from the Kapo. Vladek is also able to gain some favors for his friend, Mandelbaum. Period: Mar 18, to Feb 17, Period: May 16, to Aug 26, Vladek learns to bargain and bribe his bosses through this job.
This skill allows him to make it through Auschwitz alive. Period: Aug 27, to Oct 20, Vladek gets a much more rewarding job fixing shoes. Sep 22, With the help of Mancie and Vladek's job as a shoemaker, Anja is brought with a group of women into Auschwitz, and she and Vladek are somewhat reunited.
Period: Oct 21, to Feb 18, Vladek is taken away from his job as a shoemaker to do hard, physical labor under harsh conditions and violent punishments.
Feb 18, Vladek and a few others organize a plan to escape the evacuation, but they run out, afraid of being bombed, at the last second. They march approximately miles to Gross-Rosen, and then onto a boxcar of a train.
Feb 15, Through a family friend, Orbach, Vladek is able to escape murder and hide out. Feb 27, Vladek is reunited with his family after sneaking across the Poland-Germany Border.
All the Jews in Sosnowiec are forcibly moved into the Stara quarter of Sosnowiec. Jews become increasingly persecuted. Aug 26, Vladek's father is taken from the Ghetto during a mass inspection. He dies in an Auschwitz gas chamber. Apr 15, The remaining Jews in the Sosnowiec Ghetto are moved to an old village, Srodula. Richieu is taken to Zawriercie to avoid being deported. Aug 15, Vladek and Anja escape death through bribing a Jewish official, Haskel.
Anja's parents are not able to escape and are sent to a death camp. Later, they are told to relocate to a "community better prepared to take care of the elderly. Anja's grandparents are taken away to Auschwitz, where they are killed. Vladek's nephew and Uncle Herman's son. Lolek lives with Anja's family for much of the initial German occupation, first at Anja's father's house and then in the Srodula ghetto.
When the situation deteriorates and Vladek makes preparations to hide in a shelter until the Nazis have evacuated the town, Lolek tells his uncle that he is tired of hiding, and he is soon transported to Auschwitz.
He survives the camps and eventually becomes a college professor. Haskel is Vladek's cousin, and chief of the Jewish Police in the Srodula ghetto. He is the brother of Miloch and Pesach. He is what Vladek calls a kombinacya, or "schemer. When Vladek's family is discovered in the "chandelier" bunker and sent to a compound to wait for transport to Auschwitz, Haskel arranges for Vladek, Anja, and Lolek to be released in exchange for valuables.
He also accepts valuables for assistance in releasing Anja's parents, but ultimately refuses to help them. Upon their release, he arranges for them to work at a shoe repair shop resoling German boots. Haskel ultimately survives the war, and Vladek sends him packages for some time afterwards. Miloch is Vladek's cousin, and brother to Haskel and Pesach. He is Vladek's supervisor at the shoe repair shop in the Srodula ghetto, and an honorable man compared to the scheming Haskel.
When the Germans make plans to eliminate all Jews in the ghetto, he prepares a hidden shelter behind a pile of shoes at the shop, where Vladek, Anja, and 15 other people hide for days. After the Germans evacuate the ghetto, Miloch hides at his old house in Sosnowiec, hidden by his former maid in the garbage pile with his wife and small child. When Vladek attempts to flee to Hungary, Miloch and his family hide with Mrs.
Motonowa, with whom they safely survive the war. Pesach is Vladek's cousin, and brother to Miloch and Haskel. Like Haskel, he is a schemer and a rather unsavory character. His most significant involvement centers on a scheme to sell cake to the inhabitants of the ghetto. He makes a fortune, but everyone who eats it becomes sick - the cake was accidentally made with laundry soap in addition to flour.
When the Germans liquidate the Srodula ghetto, he hides with Vladek and Miloch in the shelter behind the pile of shoes. Eventually, though, he becomes tired of waiting and bribes some German guards to look the other way as he escapes. He is betrayed and killed by the same guards.
The janitor at Anja's father's house. When Vladek and Anja escape from the Srodula ghetto, they knock on his door and he allows them to stay in a shed behind his house. They eventually leave to hide at Mrs. Kawka's farm. Kawka is the owner of a small farm on the outskirts of Sosnowiec, and for a price she allows Vladek and Anja to hide in her barn.
She is outwardly gruff but also has a kinder side. Motonowa's house. Kawka is the person who tells Vladek about the smugglers who can take him to Hungary. Vladek befriends Mrs. Motonowa at the Sosnowiec black market after the liquidation of Srodula, and she offers to hide him and Anja at her farm, with her seven-year-old son.
She is a kind woman, and the house is comfortable, except for a ten-day period in which Mrs. Motonowa's husband returns home from Germany on vacation, and they are forced to stay in the basement. One evening, she is searched by the Gestapo in the black market, and she becomes worried that they will return to search her house. Terrified, she forces the Spiegelmans to leave.
A few days later, however, Vladek sees her again at the black market. She feels terrible about kicking them out, and the Spiegelmans return to live with her again. After Vladek and Anja attempt to escape to Hungary, she shelters Miloch and his family for the remainder of the war.
Before the war, Mandelbaum owned a pastry store in Sosnowiec where Vladek and Anja often shopped. Vladek sees him again while meeting with the smugglers who will take him to Hungary. His cousin, Abraham, is also with them. When they are betrayed by the smugglers, Mandelbaum is sent to Auschwitz with Vladek.
He has a difficult time at the camp and ultimately dies there. Abraham is Mandelbaum's cousin. He agrees to accompany the smugglers, and promises to write Mandelbaum and Vladek if he arrives safely in Hungary. He is betrayed, however, and forced at gunpoint to write the letter anyway. Though Vladek is not certain, he thinks that Abraham is ultimately killed at Auschwitz. The Karps are Vladek's neighbors at his Catskills bungalow. When Art visits his father there, they take him aside and tell him that Vladek cannot possibly take care of himself.
A "kapo" is a Polish supervisor at a concentration camp. Soon after Vladek arrives at Auschwitz, Vladek's kapo asks the Jews in the barracks if anyone there can speak English. Vladek volunteers, and the kapo takes him on as a tutor.
He keeps Vladek safe in the quarantine block for as long as he can, and he provides him with extra food and clothing. Ultimately, Vladek must start working, and the kapo helps Vladek find work as a tinsmith, since skilled laborers get better treatment.
Pavel is Art's psychiatrist. Like Art's father, Pavel is a survivor of the Holocaust.
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