Country Region Year Name of the property. Without With. Chaco Culture For over 2, years, Pueblo peoples occupied a vast region of the south-western United States.
Chaco cultuur Meer dan jaar lang leefden er Pueblo-volkeren in een groot deel van het zuidwesten van de Verenigde Staten. Source: unesco. Chaco Culture United States of America. Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis Chaco Culture is a network of archaeological sites in northwestern New Mexico which preserves outstanding elements of a vast pre-Columbian cultural complex that dominated much of what is now the southwestern United States from the mid-9th to early 13th centuries.
Integrity Within the boundaries of the property are located all the elements necessary to understand and express the Outstanding Universal Value of Chaco Culture, including walls built of sandstone and mud mortar standing more than five storeys tall, pine roof beams, and well-preserved archaeological remains that provide a comprehensive picture of the Chaco culture, all having survived due to high-quality craftsmanship and the dry, remote location.
Authenticity Chaco Culture is authentic in terms of its forms and designs, materials and substance, and location and setting. Protection and management requirements The property is comprised of the acreage to which the federal government had surface title in located within seven components: Chaco Canyon, formerly a National Monument and now Chaco Culture National Historical Park ; Aztec Ruins, a National Monument , expanded in , , , ; and five Chaco Culture Archaeological Protection Sites News 1.
National Park Service. United States of America. These sequences suggested that at least two pairs of individuals were very closely related and probably represented a mother—daughter and grandmother—grandson relationship. The authors argue this elite group, in which power and influence flowed from mothers to their children, ruled at Pueblo Bonito from the earliest days of its founding around A. Jennifer Raff, an anthropologist at the University of Kansas, agrees.
Yet Minnis and others question whether the team is right to call this elite group a dynasty, a term that usually refers to kings and queens who exercise sole rule over vast territories and populations. Nevertheless, the authors argue their results may resolve another longstanding question. A similar arrangement prevails among Orthodox and some Conservative Jews, for whom Jewish identity depends on having a Jewish mother.
Did they inherit this arrangement from their ancient Chacoan ancestors? Kennett, Plog and their colleagues argue their findings support the hypothesis of direct continuity between Chacoan matrilines and those of many Pueblo groups today. In Congress passed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NAGPRA , which dictates human remains and other artifacts found on federal or tribal lands must be repatriated to tribal groups if they can successfully establish a direct cultural relationship to them.
In some instances such as the famed controversy over the 8,year-old Kennewick Man from Washington State, Native Americans and researchers have fought bitterly over who had right of possession. But that decision does not sit well with some critics. Rebecca Tsosie, a law professor of Native American descent at the University of Arizona who specializes in tribal and U. Bloomfield , 55 miles. The very remote Chaco site of northwest New Mexico has the largest, best preserved and architecturally advanced of all ancient Southwestern villages, equal in importance to Mesa Verde in Colorado and although lacking the dramatic cliff alcove setting, the ruins here are made more evocative by the great desolation and emptiness of the surrounding countryside.
This part of the state is mostly flat, sandy desert crossed by only a few little-used tracks, very sparsely settled and with no prominent geographical feature for many miles. Only a few low gorges and mesas interrupt the general flatness, and the prevailing aridity plus the long winters experienced by this relatively high location 6, feet make this an odd place for what was a large and advanced civilization to develop.
But for years the Anasazi Chacoan villages - most based on a single walled enclosure with hundreds of inter-linked rooms known as a great house, were at the center of a network of roads and outlying settlements that extended miles to the south, west and north, and include a few others also well preserved today like Aztec Ruins near Farmington. Corner doorway. Access Roads There is only one main road to Chaco Culture National Historical Park, though this is not the one shown on most maps - for many years access was along state route 57, an unpaved road that leaves US at Blanco Trading Post and is still used to reach the Ah-Shi-Sle-Pah badlands , but this is now replaced by CR and , starting further south along US near Nageezi.
Although each is unique, all great houses share architectural features that make them recognizable as Chacoan. These structures were often oriented to solar, lunar, and cardinal directions. Lines of sight between the great houses allowed communication.
Sophisticated astronomical markers, communication features, water control devices, and formal earthen mounds surrounded them. The buildings were placed within a landscape surrounded by sacred mountains, mesas, and shrines that still have deep spiritual meaning for their descendants. By , Chaco had become the ceremonial, administrative, and economic center of the San Juan Basin. Its sphere of influence was extensive. Dozens of great houses in Chaco Canyon were connected by roads to more than great houses throughout the region.
It is thought that the great houses were not traditional farming villages occupied by large populations. They may instead have been impressive examples of "public architecture" that were used periodically during times of ceremony, commerce, and trading when temporary populations came to the canyon for these events.
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